WHAT IS GONORRHEA?
Gonorrhea (gon-or-e-uh) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a type of bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoea. Gonorrhea can be transmitted to both male and female partners during vaginal, anal and oral sex from a partner infected in his or her throat, vagina, urethra or anus. Gonorrheal infections are completely curable with antibiotics.

WHY WORRY ABOUT GONORRHEA?
If you are HIV+ and have genital inflammation due to gonorrhea, the inflamed tissues contain highly concentrated amounts of the virus. If the gonorrheal infection is in your penis, you can shed 8-10 times more HIV in your semen.

If you are HIV- but have gonorrhea, the disease-fighting cells of your immune system are especially susceptible to HIV if you have unprotected sex with an HIV-infected partner. Rectal gonorrhea increases the risk of contracting HIV by ten to twenty times.

In about 1% of people with untreated gonorrhea, the infection can spread beyond the genital area to the bloodstream, skin, heart or joints. This is called Disseminated Gonococcal Infection (DGI). Symptoms include fever, multiple skin lesions, arthritis, infection of the inner lining of the heart, and meningitis. DGI can be treated with antibiotics.

Men with untreated gonorrhea can occasionally develop epididymitis, a painful infection of the testicles. Untreated gonorrheal infections can also cause inflammation of the prostate and urethral scarring, sometimes leading to infertility.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?
Most men develop symptoms of gonorrhea within two to five days after being exposed, with a possible range of one to thirty days. Men who have gonorrhea in the penis or anal area may experience a discharge from the head of the penis or the anus; pain or itching of the head of the penis; swelling of the penis or testicles; pain and/or burning upon urination; frequent urination; anal or rectal itching; white anal discharge; and/or pain during bowel movements.

If you're infected with gonorrhea in the throat, there are usually no symptoms, except possibly a sore throat.

WHAT IS A GONORRHEA TEST LIKE?
There are several different testing options for gonorrhea. Your medical provider will decide which one is best given your situation and the lab facilities available at the clinic or medical practice. Some tests are done on a urine sample, and some on a swab of the secretions from the infected area.

HOW IS GONORRHEA TREATED?
Your provider will give you antibiotics to kill the gonorrheal bacteria in your body. If you are prescribed antibiotics, take all of the pills, even if you feel better before you finish the dosage. Your sex partner(s) need to be examined and treated also, because if you have unprotected sex again, you can be re-infected. If you're non-monogamous, your partner is also capable of infecting others until he gets proper treatment.

WHAT CAN I DO IF I HAVE GONORRHEA?
It's important to talk to your partners to maintain your sexual health and that of our community. Also you must abstain from partner sex for one full week from when your antibiotic treatment is started.

HOW DO I AVOID GETTING GONORRHEA?
The risk for gonorrhea is directly related to the number of sex partners you have: The more sex partners, the greater the risk of contracting it. Having more sex with fewer partners reduces your risk of getting gonorrhea.

The only way to be 100% sure of eliminating your risk of contracting gonorrhea or other STDs is to abstain from sex. If you are sexually active, however, using condoms (male or female) for sexual activity is your best bet for protecting yourself. Since gonorrhea can be transmitted during oral sex, primarily mouth-to-penis or penis-to-mouth contact, it would be wise to use a condom when performing oral sex or having oral sex performed on you. Also, we recommend regular STD checkups at least every six months if you're sexually active with more than one monogamous partner. Gonorrhea and other bacterial STDs are curable with proper diagnosis and treatment.